The presence of the Ajimas in the heart of the spiritually-connected Kathmandu Valley has given the country a unique identity in the cultural landscape. The beliefs and rituals woven by these divine powers in this ancient city of Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, represent a rich civilization.
Recent studies have identified 60 Ajimas in the ancient City of Kathmandu. Of the special Tantric Ajima principal deities worshipped, 39 are Ajimas of the Peeth (Peetha) while 21 are not Ajima. The Ajimas, known as Tantric deities, serve as important spiritual institutions in Kathmandu. The locals offer devotion to the power and presence of the Ajimas through an elaborate ritual.
These deities are not only symbols of worship, they are also the foundation of the identity and history of the valley. Their lineage can be traced back to King Gunakamdev, who established the protective enclosure of Khadgakara (sword-shaped) to protect Kantipur in 3827 Kaligata Samvat. This historical connection underlines the long-standing relationship between monarchy and local spiritual practices. The fabric of the region illustrates how deeply these beliefs are embedded.
Divine guardians
In the heart of Kathmandu, where ancient traditions and modern life coexist, the Ajimas stand as a profound symbol of spirituality and cultural identity. These revered Tantric goddesses, each with their own unique story, have been woven into the city’s neighborhoods, temples, and sacred sites through a tradition of worship. The Ajimas are present as guardians of ancient Newa settlements throughout Nepal. However, this article attempts to discuss some of the major Ajimas in Kathmandu city.
Lummadhi Ajima (Bhadrakali):
Located in the vibrant area of Tundikhel, Lummadhi Ajima is also known as Bhadrakali. Lummadhi Ajima is known for her fierce yet protective spirit. This Ajima is depicted as a powerful goddess who embodies strength and adaptability. Offerings of flowers and incense create a fragrant atmosphere as local devotees gather at her temple. This atmosphere fills the air with a sense of holiness. The rituals celebrated here during festivals transform Tundikhel into a vibrant center of devotion, showcasing dance, music and soulful prayers.
Mhyapi Ajima (Dnyaneshwari-Yogambar):
In the tranquil locality of Mhyapi Mhepi, Mhyapi Ajima or Dnyaneshwari-Yogambar, is worshipped as the goddess of knowledge and wisdom. Feeling deeply devoted in her presence, students and scholars seek her blessings for intellectual pursuits. The temple premises are often adorned with colorful landscapes and intricate decorations depicting divine qualities. Visitors to the temple often offer books and pens as they pray for guidance and insight.
Vatsala Ajima (Vatsaleshwari):
Near Pashupatinath but a little further away, Vatsala Ajima, also known as Vatsaleshwari, is a nurturing figure often associated with maternal love. Her temple has a warm atmosphere. The gentle chants of worship echo around here. Devotees come to seek her blessings for their families. The atmosphere here is filled with a sense of comfort and security. Children are often depicted with the goddess, embodying the essence of motherhood and compassion.
Ngyatamaru Ajima (Shvetkaali):
Ngyatamaru Ajima (Shvetkaali), also known as Naradevi, resides in a mysterious temple. Known for her healing powers, she attracts those seeking physical and spiritual well-being. The temple is adorned with white flowers, a symbol of purity and clarity. Devotees often light lamps and offer sacred herbs. Devotees believe that her blessings will cure their ailments and bring peace to their lives.
Chandralakhu Ajima:
Chandralakhu Ajima, located near the old palace area of Narayanhiti, is perhaps the most mysterious Ajima. Unlike traditional shrines, her essence is believed to reside in the waters of a nearby pond. Surrounded by ancient stones, this area evokes a sense of primal spirituality, connecting worshippers with nature. Locals describe the pond as a divine gateway. Rituals here are not only performed as a form of devotion, but also as a medium. They are believed to communicate with the primal forces of the universe.
Harati Ajima:
At the ancient site of Swayambhu, Harati Ajima embodies the dual nature of protection and ferocity. Known as the goddess of fertility and protection of children, her image is often adorned with vibrant red and green colors, reflecting her dynamic energy. Devotees visit her temple to seek blessings for childbearing and family well-being, leaving behind sweets and fruits that symbolize abundance and prosperity.
Chulin Ajima (Chundevi):
Chulin Ajima, also known as Chundevi Ajima, plays a significant role in the local spiritual landscape. Her shrine, often bustling with activity, is a place where community members gather to share stories and connect with their heritage. She is marked by festivals, processions and celebrations dedicated to her that blend traditional rituals with contemporary cultural expressions, strengthening community bonds.
Not all ajimas receive equal recognition:
The major ajimas are not just goddesses; they are living representations of the history, culture, and spirituality of the valley. Each goddess, with her own unique attributes and rituals, serves as a reminder of the deep-rooted traditions that have shaped the identity of the Kathmandu Valley. As the city develops, the ajimas remain steadfast guardians of their heritage, inviting both reverence and reflection from all who encounter their divine presence. Through the worship of these goddesses, the people of Kathmandu connect with their past, nurturing a sense of continuity in a changing world.
As the pace of modern life increases and social structures change, the names and locations of certain ajimas risk being forgotten. This loss highlights the urgent need to document and preserve these cultural treasures. It also ensures that future generations can connect with their heritage and spiritual roots.
Many are covered by multiple major deities. Divine powers such as the Harati ajima and the Chulim ajima of Swayambhu are an essential part of the spiritual landscape. Yet they are often overlooked in discussions of the valley’s divine figures. Their contribution to Kathmandu’s rich tradition of spirituality should not be overlooked, as each ajima has played a significant role in the cultural fabric of the community.
In contemporary Kathmandu, ajimas continue to serve as important cultural symbols. Festivals, rituals, and community gatherings often revolve around them, allowing locals to express their devotion while fostering cultural continuity.
These goddesses not only serve as spiritual forces but also as reminders of the valley’s historical stories, blending the past with the present. Efforts to revive and celebrate the traditions surrounding the ajimas are gaining traction. Community groups and cultural institutions are increasingly dedicated to organizing events honoring these goddesses, trying to engage the younger generation and fostering interest in local heritage. This movement emphasizes the importance of preserving these traditions as a means of connecting the valley with its past.
The Ajimas of the Kathmandu Valley are the guardians of tradition and culture: These Ajimas are the guardians of tradition and culture, embodying the rich history and diversity of the region. As guardians of ancient practices, these goddesses connect the community’s past with its present, adapting to the evolving cultural landscape while maintaining their significance. With dedicated efforts to preserve their stories and meanings, the Ajimas will continue to flourish as symbols of spiritual resilience and cultural identity in Kathmandu. As the Valley moves forward, honoring these deities will be critical to maintaining the vitality of its heritage so that the Ajimas’ legacy will endure for generations to come.
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